Compost ShreddersCompost shredders are used produce large quantities of compost from garden waste. They help speed up the composting process. Compost shredders can shred garden plants, piles of leaves, vegetable waste etc. into instant mulch or compost. Powerful compost shredders can shred thick tree pruning and branches. Goggles, gloves, breathing gauze and ear protectors should be worn while using a compost shredder. Compost shredders are available in sizes ranging from light use models to high powered models. The output of a compost shredder is directly related to its engine size.A common model of compost shredder consists of a self feeding spiral blade system. It automatically draws in the shredding material and revolves. This model has a reverse running and blockage release system. The material undergoes heavy crushing, producing small chippings. This allows micro organisms and oxygen to accelerate the composting process.Most advanced compost shredders reduce manual feed time and increase throughput.They have a micro shredder cutting system. The system can cut branches, twigs and leaves in uniform consistency. Finer shreddings are also great for mulching. Most advanced compost shredders can work with both wet and dry materials.High end compost shredders consist of heavy steel rotator with two steel chipper knives and shredding bars. They can shred large quantities of garden waste. Most high end compost shredders have shredding control facility. They can shred large amounts of tree pruning, leaves, dead plants, and branches. Some models have reversible fixed shredding hammers and double edged chipper knife.High powered compost shredders are tractor driven or motor driven models. They are used to compost the materials of farms. High powered compost shredders can shred organic waste into high quality compost for agriculture and gardening. Large compost shredders usually have wide cutting disc and feeder. The blades of most high powered compost shredders are adjustable.
cument prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.
Import:
To bring foreign goods into a country
Import License:
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).
Inbond:
A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.
Inbond Entry:
Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent.
Incoterms:
International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place)
FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
FOB – Free On Board
Indirect Air Carrier:
An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.
International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes
Interstate:
A shipment traveling between states
Intrastate:
A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.
Issuing Carrier:
The carrier who issues the Air Waybill
Joint Rate:
A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.
Kennel:
The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.
Kilo:
An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.
Known Shipper:
An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile
Legal Connection:
The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.
Letter Of Credit:
A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill.
Liner terms:
Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods
Live Animals:
An airline term to identify live cargo
Local Rate:
Rate for shipments between city pairs, all on the same airline
Lockout:
A set time after which no cargo may be sent to be boarded on a flight
Lot:
Number of pieces in one shipment
Lot Label:
A label or stencil applied to cargo identifying the shipment by Air Waybill number, number of pieces, actual weight of each piece, total actual weight, destination airport, date of shipment, and routing.
Lower deck:
An aircraft compartment, below the Main Deck
Main deck:
Also known as Upper Deck. A freig
Guide to Label PrintersAny modern business requires the printing of labels, be it a retailer printing labels on products for sale, a logistics company printing labels to track shipments, or a manufacturer printing labels on goods produced. Small businesses and homes also find label printers handy if there is a lot of mailing to be done. There are also federal legislations that require the printing of labels in a specified manner. It is because of these and many other reasons that labels have become an invariable part of everyday business.Good label printers are thus required to print labels. With the increasing need of label printing, label printers have evolved from the simple label printers of yesteryear to the highly specialized label printers like bar code label printers and even extremely specialized label printers like laser label printers that are used to engrave labels on hard goods and substances. The most common label printers are bar code label printers. These print codes that can be read by a bar code scanner and are extensively used.Most label printers are required in commercial establishments and are categorized based on their use, functionality, types, sizes, and costs. Label printers use inkjet, laser, or thermal technology for printing. Thermal printers, which use heat to melt the ink onto the paper, are the most popular due to their speed and cost considerations.Most commercial establishments require a label printer that prints at a very high speed and with accuracy. Several types of label printers are specifically manufactured to fulfill these needs. Hybrid types of printers are also available. These are multi-purpose printers that can print different types of labels. For example, label printers used in supermarkets can print bar codes as well as normal text. The user just has to adjust the label printer depending on the functionality. There are some label printers that can print different sizes of labels on goods.Thus, the most important thing for anyone wanting a label printer is to first find out the type of printer that is required and then look for a guide to label printers to search for the right type that will fulfill their needs completely.
AWB:
Air Waybill
Accessorial Services/Fees:
Services provided by an airline in addition to the normal transportation service. These charges are not included in the basic weight rate charge.
Common accessorial services include:
advancement of charges, pick-up, delivery, C.O.D. service, signature service, storage, demurrage, and loading/unloading.
Account Number:
A specific number assigned by any airline, to an approved customer, used for billing and other computerized functions.
Actual Weight:
What the shipment actually weighs on a scale.
Advance Arrangements:
The shipper must make arrangements with the carrier prior to the intended date of shipping. See Booking.
Advancement of Charges:
A service under which airlines, in some instances, pay incidental charges arising before or after airhaul. Examples would include cartage and warehousing costs. These charges can be paid in advance for the convenience of either the Shipper or Consignee.
Agent (IATA):
A forwarder, agent or broker who is recognized and approved by IATA, appointed by a carrier and authorized by the respective carrier to receive and prepare shipments and to collect charges. See Cargo Sales Agent.
Air Freight:
The goods for transport in any volume, and the type of service airlines provide to transport the goods. The term most commonly used is Cargo.
Air Freight Forwarder:
See Freight Forwarder
Air Waybill:
Shipping document used by the airlines for air freight. It is a contract for carriage between shipper and carrier covering Intra-US and international transportation of cargo to a specified destination. It includes carrier conditions of carriage highlighting such items as limits of liability and claims procedures. The Air Waybill also contains specific shipping instructions to airlines, a description of the commodity, and applicable transportation charges. Air Waybills are not negotiable.
Airbill:
See Air Waybill
Aircraft:
Most commonly used term for airplane. See Equipment.
Airport-to-Airport:
From one airport facility to another airport facility. (No pick-up/delivery service applies.)
Allotment:
A blocked space by airlines, on behalf of forwarders / shippers.
Articles of Extraordinary Value - (AEV):
Commodities identified as high-value items that require advance arrangements and special handling.
Assembly Service:
A service by which an airline assembles shipments from one or many shippers and transports them as one shipment (not necessarily at one time or flight) to one Consignee.
Astray:
Cargo that is traveling without paperwork or on paperwork in place of the original
ATA:
Actual Time of Arrival, or Airport-To-Airport
Attractive Merchandise:
Commodities such as cameras, radios, electronic equipment, etc., that are handled as high-value shipments but not rated the same.
Backhaul:
To move a shipment back over part of a route already traveled.
Banded/Banding:
Cargo wrapped and/or secured with metal or plastic strips
Bank Release:
An import shipment requiring notification and release from a bank or in care of a bank. The release must be on the bank's stationary and must be an original copy. Photocopies, fax, and phone calls are not acceptable. Also see Letter Of Credit
Belly or Belly Pits:
Compartments located beneath the passenger deck used for cargo, baggage storage and mail.
Bill of Lading:
A document by which a carrier acknowledges receipts of goods and contracts to move them. The Air Waybill is a form of bill of lading. See Air Waybill.
Bonded Carrier/Trucker:
A firm that has posted bond with the government and is licensed to carry and hold in their facilities' goods that have not been granted a clearance by countries' Customs Authorities.
Booking:
A shipper has prearranged cargo space on a specific flight(s) creating a booking, or reservation. See Advanced Arrangements.
Broker (Customs):
A person or firm licensed by the Customs Authorities to transact business with customs on behalf of importers for a fee. See Customshouse Brokers
C.O.D.:
Collect on Delivery
C.O.D. Fee:
The fee charged for collecting the COD amount for the shipper.
CWT:
Hundred weight
Cargo:
The goods for transport in any volume, and the type of service airlines provide to transport the goods. Exceptions:
(a) Mail or other property under the terms of an international postal convention. (b) Baggage carried under a passenger ticket and baggage check. Unaccompanied baggage moving under an Air Waybill is cargo. See Air Freight.
Cargo Sales Agent:
An agent appointed by IATA to solicit and process international cargo for shippers. IATA Cargo Sales Agents are paid commissions by the airlines without added cost to the shipper or consignee. See Agent IATA
Cargo Transfer:
Cargo arriving at a point by one carrier and continuing its journey through another carrier. See Interline.
Carnet (ATA Carnet):
A document issued by Chambers of Commerce, permitting the holder to carry or send merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries (for display, demonstration, or similar purposes) without paying duties or posting bonds.
Carrier:
A term synonymous with airline. Each airline is a carrier of passengers and cargo.
Carrier Certificate:
A document prepared by the Carrier containing the master Air Waybill number, house Air Waybill number, flight number and date the shipment arrived and the storage date. The consignee/broker needs this information in order to clear customs.
Certificate of Origin:
A document to prove the place of origin for specified goods, required by certain foreign countries for tariff purposes.
CNEE:
Consignee
Co-Loader:
The participants in a consolidation other than the master loader. Each provides all the documentation required for their shipment to the master loader. See Consolidation, MAWB, HAWB, Master Loader.
Collect Charges:
Charges entered on the Air Waybill for collection from the consignee. Freight collect, charges forward or charges collect also have the same meaning.
Collect on Delivery - (C.O.D.):
A transportation service under which the purchase price of the goods is collected by the carrier from the receiver at the time of delivery, and subsequently, payment is transmitted by the carrier to the shipper. Carriers charge a nominal fee for this service. As the term COD implies, payment is due upon delivery. There are no credit provisions in COD service.
Commercial Invoice:
Shipper's documentation describing the goods and their value which must accompany all international and transborder shipments
Commodity Code:
A system for identifying a given commodity by a number as a means of facilitating, for example, the application of computerization to freight transportation.
Conditions of Contract:
The terms and conditions established by the air carriers for the carriage of goods. These conditions are printed on the Air Waybill and include such items as limits of liability, claims limitations, indemnity and dimensional weight rules.
Connection Time:
Allowable published time to connect cargo from one flight to another
Consignee:
The receiver of a shipment, or to whom the shipment is consigned
Consignment:
Shipment of one or more pieces of property, accepted by the carrier from one shipper, receipted for in one lot, and moved on one Air Waybill, to one consignee at one destination.
Consular Invoice:
A document required by some foreign countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information of the shipment. It is certified by a consular official of the foreign country. It is used by the country's customs officials to verify the value, quantity and nature of the shipment.
Container:
A shipping device, airline provided or shipper provided, allowing a convenient and lower cost method of shipping. See ULD - Unit Load Device.
Containerization:
The use of box-like or other unit load devices (ULD) in which a number of packages are stored, protected, and handled as a unit in transit. See Container and ULD.
Conversion Rate:
The rate used to convert one currency to another. See Exchange Rate and Rate of Exchange.
Customs:
A government authority designated to regulate flow of goods to and from a country and to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collections.
Customs Airport:
Designated airports in each country which have customs facilities.
Customs Clearance:
A shipment must clear customs when it enters any country from another.
Customs Declaration:
A statement, oral or written, attesting to the correctness of description, quantity, value, etc., of merchandise offered for importation into the U.S.
Customhouse Broker:
A broker who is licensed by the Customs Authorities to act for importers and other businessmen in handling the sequence of customs formalities and other details attendant to the legal and expeditious importing of goods.
Dangerous Goods:
Articles or substances which are capable of posting a significant risk to health, safety, or property when transported by air if not packaged according to federal regulations.
Declared Value for Carriage:
The value of goods declared to the carrier by the shipper for the purposes of determining charges or establishing the limit of the carrier's liability for loss, damage, or delay.
Declared Value for Customs:
The selling price of the contents or the replacement cost if the contents are not for resale. The amount must be equal to or greater than the declared value.
Delivery Authorization Document - (DAD):
A customs term for a 7512 (I.T.) or a 3461 (Clearance) or a straight Air Waybill stamped by customs.
Department of Transportation - (DOT):
An executive department of the U.S. Government established by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 for the purpose of developing national transportation policies.
Destination:
The final stop of cargo that is being transported. Sometimes referred to as the final destination. exists.
Diversion:
Landing at a location other than the planned destination
Documentation:
The required paperwork accompanying a shipment such as an Air Waybill, a health certificate, invoices, shipper's export declaration, etc.
Dolly:
A piece of equipment with wheels, used to move containers and pallets to/from the aircraft
Door-To-Door:
Used when pick-up and delivery service applies.
Drop-Off:
Shipper delivers shipment(s) to the Air carrier for transportation. See Tender
Drop Time:
A published time frame at each airport city when the shipper must drop off cargo prior to flight departure
Duty:
A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country. Duties are generally based on the value of goods, other factors such as weight or quantity limits, or a combination of value and other factors
ETA:
Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD:
Estimated Time of Departure
Embargo:
Temporary refusal to accept cargo for transportation at certain points or in certain routes due to the type or class of cargo, limitations of facilities, emergencies, or other abnormal circumstances.
Equipment:
Used in the airline industry referring to aircraft or aircraft type, i.e., DC-10, B-727, etc.
Escorts:
People accompanying shipments on the same aircraft
Estimated Time of Arrival - (ETA):
The time at which a flight is expected to arrive as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of arrival.
Estimate Time of Departure - (ETD):
The time at which a flight is expected to depart as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of departure.
Exception Ratings:
Rates set at a certain percentage above the general commodity rates because they apply to commodities that require special handling, such as live animals and human remains. See Class Rate and Premium Rate
Excess Value:
The amount of declared value on a shipment that is over the carrier's liability
Exchange Rate:
The price of one currency in terms of another
Exclusive Truck:
A shuttle truck that operates exclusively for an airline
Export:
To send or transport shipments out of a country for sale or use in another country or for personal purposes.
Export Broker:
An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.
Export License:
A government document that permits the licensee (holder of license) to engage in the export of designated goods to specific destinations.
Firms Code:
A customs location code issued for each bonded warehouse or facility.
Flatbed Truck:
A shuttle truck that does not have an enclosed trailer
Forwarder:
See Freight Forwarder.
Free domicile:
A term used in international transportation where the shipper pays all transportation charges and any applicable duties and/or taxes.
Freight Forwarder:
Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the freight forwarder is a shipper. To their customers, the freight forwarder is an indirect carrier or agent. The freight forwarder receives freight from customers under his own tariff, usually consolidating it into larger shipments, prepares necessary documents and makes arrangements for moving freight.
Freighter:
An aircraft that carries cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo
GBL:
Government Bill of Lading
GCR/GEN:
General Commodity Rate
Gateway City:
The first port of entry into a country, or the last port before exiting a country.
General Commodity:
Any cargo commodity that does not warrant a special or specified rate.
General Commodity Rate:
An air freight rate applicable on all commodities, except those for which specific rates have been filed. Rates are based on weight and distance and are published for each pair of cities an airline serves.
Government Bill of Lading - (GBL):
A document issued by a government agency used to request transportation of goods and support the billing of same in conjunction with carrier's Air Waybill.
Gross Weight:
The weight of the shipment including all packing, blocking, platforms, special bracing, etc., if required. (includes weight of unit load device, when applicable.)
HAWB (House Air Waybill):
The individual breakdown for each part of a consolidation
Hold for Pick-Up - (HFPU) (At Destination):
Freight to be held at the carrier's destination location for pick-up by the recipient. See also Notify on Arrival.
Harmonized System – HS:
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System is a system for classifying goods in international trade, identifying a given commodity by a single number.
Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
A term referring to dangerous goods
Health Certificate:
A document obtained from a licensed veterinarian that is required to ship ALL live warm-blooded animals.
High Value:
A term used to identify both articles of extraordinary value and attractive merchandise.
Human Remains/Embalmed Human Remains:
Intra-US and international term for deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred to as HR
IAC:
Indirect Air Carrier
IATA:
International Air Transportation Association
IATA Agent:
A forwarder/broker that has been approved and is recognized by IATA to receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other documents for carriers, and collect charges for air shipments.
IATA Carrier:
An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.
I.E.:
Immediate Exportation
I.T.:
Immediate Transport
Immediate Exportation:
Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.
Immediate Transport:
A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.
Import:
To bring foreign goods into a country
Import License:
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).
Inbond:
A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.
Inbond Entry:
Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent.
Incoterms:
International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place)
FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
FOB – Free On Board
Indirect Air Carrier:
An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.
International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes
Interstate:
A shipment traveling between states
Intrastate:
A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.
Issuing Carrier:
The carrier who issues the Air Waybill
Joint Rate:
A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.
Kennel:
The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.
Kilo:
An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.
Known Shipper:
An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile
Legal Connection:
The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.
Letter Of Credit:
A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill.
Liner terms:
Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods
Live Animals:
An airline term to identify live cargo
Local Rate:
Rate for shipments between city pairs, all on the same airline
Lockout:
A set time after which no cargo may be sent to be boarded on a flight
Lot:
Number of pieces in one shipment
Lot Label:
A label or stencil applied to cargo identifying the shipment by Air Waybill number, number of pieces, actual weight of each piece, total actual weight, destination airport, date of shipment, and routing.
Lower deck:
An aircraft compartment, below the Main Deck
Main deck:
Also known as Upper Deck. A freig
The BRAVO FormulaAccording to Jerry Weissman in his book, “Presenting to Win,” there are over 30 million PowerPoint presentations given every day. Unfortunately, these presentations are not captivating or memorable. Thus, a lack of presentation training in America is creating a business culture that abuses presentation software and the art of public speaking. Let’s get back to the basics and adopt something I like to call the BRAVO formula.“B” is for Bold
Boldness is about taking ownership. It’s about being courageous. You need to take control and own your content. No faking is allowed. The harsh reality is that faking it will not work in the public speaking arena. Audiences are far more perceptive than you think. Here are a few tips to help make sure you don’t come across as a faker:Start strong
It sounds straightforward, but it is harder than it sounds. By taking a strong initial stance, it shows that 1) you are credible, 2) you are passionate, 3) you have a game plan. Be creative with your approach, and stay away from humor. It can get you in trouble.Don’t memorize
Most public speaking amateurs make the big mistake of memorizing their presentations. This can be deadly, especially when questions arise during the middle of your presentation. Memorization kills spontaneity and your conversational ability. Stay away from it.Become an expert
Creating credibility is the most important component of presentations. If you can’t create trust, don’t even bother walking on stage. So how do you build trust? Simple. Provide evidence. Show statistics, graphs, charts – anything to help solidify that you know what you are discussing. Proceed with caution though – there is a gray line between too much and too little information.Faking it may work in other areas of life, but it doesn’t work in presentations. Don’t be a faker. Take ownership and be bold.“R” is for Ready
In the movie Anchorman, Will Ferrell plays the obnoxious, self-centered, but surprisingly loveable anchorman named Ron Burgundy. There is a great scene where Ron is attempting to impress Veronica Corningstone (played by Christina Applegate), his future co-anchor. The conversation begins with Ron asking: “Do you know who I am?" Veronica replies, “No, I can’t say that I do.” Taken aback by her response, Ron says, “I don’t know how to put this...but I’m kind of a big deal.”This short scene reminds me of the circumstance that most executives and business professionals get trapped into when preparing for a presentation. They feel that their 20+ years of business experience or countless hours of executive coaching implies that they need no prep time before presenting.
Unfortunately, the reality of public speaking is that preparation is a critical piece of any great presentation. It’s amazing how an affective presentation can deliver more results than an entire year
horities to transact business with customs on behalf of importers for a fee. See Customshouse Brokers
C.O.D.:
Collect on Delivery
C.O.D. Fee:
The fee charged for collecting the COD amount for the shipper.
CWT:
Hundred weight
Cargo:
The goods for transport in any volume, and the type of service airlines provide to transport the goods. Exceptions:
(a) Mail or other property under the terms of an international postal convention. (b) Baggage carried under a passenger ticket and baggage check. Unaccompanied baggage moving under an Air Waybill is cargo. See Air Freight.
Cargo Sales Agent:
An agent appointed by IATA to solicit and process international cargo for shippers. IATA Cargo Sales Agents are paid commissions by the airlines without added cost to the shipper or consignee. See Agent IATA
Cargo Transfer:
Cargo arriving at a point by one carrier and continuing its journey through another carrier. See Interline.
Carnet (ATA Carnet):
A document issued by Chambers of Commerce, permitting the holder to carry or send merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries (for display, demonstration, or similar purposes) without paying duties or posting bonds.
Carrier:
A term synonymous with airline. Each airline is a carrier of passengers and cargo.
Carrier Certificate:
A document prepared by the Carrier containing the master Air Waybill number, house Air Waybill number, flight number and date the shipment arrived and the storage date. The consignee/broker needs this information in order to clear customs.
Certificate of Origin:
A document to prove the place of origin for specified goods, required by certain foreign countries for tariff purposes.
CNEE:
Consignee
Co-Loader:
The participants in a consolidation other than the master loader. Each provides all the documentation required for their shipment to the master loader. See Consolidation, MAWB, HAWB, Master Loader.
Collect Charges:
Charges entered on the Air Waybill for collection from the consignee. Freight collect, charges forward or charges collect also have the same meaning.
Collect on Delivery - (C.O.D.):
A transportation service under which the purchase price of the goods is collected by the carrier from the receiver at the time of delivery, and subsequently, payment is transmitted by the carrier to the shipper. Carriers charge a nominal fee for this service. As the term COD implies, payment is due upon delivery. There are no credit provisions in COD service.
Commercial Invoice:
Shipper's documentation describing the goods and their value which must accompany all international and transborder shipments
Commodity Code:
A system for identifying a given commodity by a number as a means of facilitating, for example, the application of computerization to freight transportation.
Conditions of Contract:
The terms and conditions established by the air carriers for the carriage of goods. These conditions are printed on the Air Waybill and include such items as limits of liability, claims limitations, indemnity and dimensional weight rules.
Connection Time:
Allowable published time to connect cargo from one flight to another
Consignee:
The receiver of a shipment, or to whom the shipment is consigned
Consignment:
Shipment of one or more pieces of property, accepted by the carrier from one shipper, receipted for in one lot, and moved on one Air Waybill, to one consignee at one destination.
Consular Invoice:
A document required by some foreign countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information of the shipment. It is certified by a consular official of the foreign country. It is used by the country's customs officials to verify the value, quantity and nature of the shipment.
Container:
A shipping device, airline provided or shipper provided, allowing a convenient and lower cost method of shipping. See ULD - Unit Load Device.
Containerization:
The use of box-like or other unit load devices (ULD) in which a number of packages are stored, protected, and handled as a unit in transit. See Container and ULD.
Conversion Rate:
The rate used to convert one currency to another. See Exchange Rate and Rate of Exchange.
Customs:
A government authority designated to regulate flow of goods to and from a country and to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collections.
Customs Airport:
Designated airports in each country which have customs facilities.
Customs Clearance:
A shipment must clear customs when it enters any country from another.
Customs Declaration:
A statement, oral or written, attesting to the correctness of description, quantity, value, etc., of merchandise offered for importation into the U.S.
Customhouse Broker:
A broker who is licensed by the Customs Authorities to act for importers and other businessmen in handling the sequence of customs formalities and other details attendant to the legal and expeditious importing of goods.
Dangerous Goods:
Articles or substances which are capable of posting a significant risk to health, safety, or property when transported by air if not packaged according to federal regulations.
Declared Value for Carriage:
The value of goods declared to the carrier by the shipper for the purposes of determining charges or establishing the limit of the carrier's liability for loss, damage, or delay.
Declared Value for Customs:
The selling price of the contents or the replacement cost if the contents are not for resale. The amount must be equal to or greater than the declared value.
Delivery Authorization Document - (DAD):
A customs term for a 7512 (I.T.) or a 3461 (Clearance) or a straight Air Waybill stamped by customs.
Department of Transportation - (DOT):
An executive department of the U.S. Government established by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 for the purpose of developing national transportation policies.
Destination:
The final stop of cargo that is being transported. Sometimes referred to as the final destination. exists.
Diversion:
Landing at a location other than the planned destination
Documentation:
The required paperwork accompanying a shipment such as an Air Waybill, a health certificate, invoices, shipper's export declaration, etc.
Dolly:
A piece of equipment with wheels, used to move containers and pallets to/from the aircraft
Door-To-Door:
Used when pick-up and delivery service applies.
Drop-Off:
Shipper delivers shipment(s) to the Air carrier for transportation. See Tender
Drop Time:
A published time frame at each airport city when the shipper must drop off cargo prior to flight departure
Duty:
A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country. Duties are generally based on the value of goods, other factors such as weight or quantity limits, or a combination of value and other factors
ETA:
Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD:
Estimated Time of Departure
Embargo:
Temporary refusal to accept cargo for transportation at certain points or in certain routes due to the type or class of cargo, limitations of facilities, emergencies, or other abnormal circumstances.
Equipment:
Used in the airline industry referring to aircraft or aircraft type, i.e., DC-10, B-727, etc.
Escorts:
People accompanying shipments on the same aircraft
Estimated Time of Arrival - (ETA):
The time at which a flight is expected to arrive as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of arrival.
Estimate Time of Departure - (ETD):
The time at which a flight is expected to depart as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of departure.
Exception Ratings:
Rates set at a certain percentage above the general commodity rates because they apply to commodities that require special handling, such as live animals and human remains. See Class Rate and Premium Rate
Excess Value:
The amount of declared value on a shipment that is over the carrier's liability
Exchange Rate:
The price of one currency in terms of another
Exclusive Truck:
A shuttle truck that operates exclusively for an airline
Export:
To send or transport shipments out of a country for sale or use in another country or for personal purposes.
Export Broker:
An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.
Export License:
A government document that permits the licensee (holder of license) to engage in the export of designated goods to specific destinations.
Firms Code:
A customs location code issued for each bonded warehouse or facility.
Flatbed Truck:
A shuttle truck that does not have an enclosed trailer
Forwarder:
See Freight Forwarder.
Free domicile:
A term used in international transportation where the shipper pays all transportation charges and any applicable duties and/or taxes.
Freight Forwarder:
Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the freight forwarder is a shipper. To their customers, the freight forwarder is an indirect carrier or agent. The freight forwarder receives freight from customers under his own tariff, usually consolidating it into larger shipments, prepares necessary documents and makes arrangements for moving freight.
Freighter:
An aircraft that carries cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo
GBL:
Government Bill of Lading
GCR/GEN:
General Commodity Rate
Gateway City:
The first port of entry into a country, or the last port before exiting a country.
General Commodity:
Any cargo commodity that does not warrant a special or specified rate.
General Commodity Rate:
An air freight rate applicable on all commodities, except those for which specific rates have been filed. Rates are based on weight and distance and are published for each pair of cities an airline serves.
Government Bill of Lading - (GBL):
A document issued by a government agency used to request transportation of goods and support the billing of same in conjunction with carrier's Air Waybill.
Gross Weight:
The weight of the shipment including all packing, blocking, platforms, special bracing, etc., if required. (includes weight of unit load device, when applicable.)
HAWB (House Air Waybill):
The individual breakdown for each part of a consolidation
Hold for Pick-Up - (HFPU) (At Destination):
Freight to be held at the carrier's destination location for pick-up by the recipient. See also Notify on Arrival.
Harmonized System – HS:
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System is a system for classifying goods in international trade, identifying a given commodity by a single number.
Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
A term referring to dangerous goods
Health Certificate:
A document obtained from a licensed veterinarian that is required to ship ALL live warm-blooded animals.
High Value:
A term used to identify both articles of extraordinary value and attractive merchandise.
Human Remains/Embalmed Human Remains:
Intra-US and international term for deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred to as HR
IAC:
Indirect Air Carrier
IATA:
International Air Transportation Association
IATA Agent:
A forwarder/broker that has been approved and is recognized by IATA to receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other documents for carriers, and collect charges for air shipments.
IATA Carrier:
An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.
I.E.:
Immediate Exportation
I.T.:
Immediate Transport
Immediate Exportation:
Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.
Immediate Transport:
A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.
Import:
To bring foreign goods into a country
Import License:
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).
Inbond:
A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.
Inbond Entry:
Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent.
Incoterms:
International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place)
FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
FOB – Free On Board
Indirect Air Carrier:
An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.
International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes
Interstate:
A shipment traveling between states
Intrastate:
A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.
Issuing Carrier:
The carrier who issues the Air Waybill
Joint Rate:
A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.
Kennel:
The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.
Kilo:
An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.
Known Shipper:
An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile
Legal Connection:
The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.
Letter Of Credit:
A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill.
Liner terms:
Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods
Live Animals:
An airline term to identify live cargo
Local Rate:
Rate for shipments between city pairs, all on the same airline
Lockout:
A set time after which no cargo may be sent to be boarded on a flight
Lot:
Number of pieces in one shipment
Lot Label:
A label or stencil applied to cargo identifying the shipment by Air Waybill number, number of pieces, actual weight of each piece, total actual weight, destination airport, date of shipment, and routing.
Lower deck:
An aircraft compartment, below the Main Deck
Main deck:
Also known as Upper Deck. A freig
Car Wash Industry Needs a New Water Strategy for the FutureThe Car Wash Industry has been under considerable stress lately with their public relations; this time it is over the hiring of illegal aliens and illegal immigrants. Early on the car wash industry tried to attempt to justify the hiring of illegal aliens stating; There Is Just No Way for Us to Know If Someone Is a US Citizen or Not.Of course we all know this was a cop-out and they know that they are hiring people who are illegal aliens even though the carwash owners claim that they had some sort of ID and how were they to know if it was fake or not? We all know that they knew.Having been in the carwash industry for some 27 years I can tell you that there is an even bigger issue on the horizon than illegal immigration for the carwash association’s public relations department to deal with. The bigger issue in the future will be the use of water.Most of the carwash industry association’s literature and PR pieces say that people should use car washes rather than washing their own car because it saves water. They often claim that a professional carwash recycles their water. The fact is that 60% do not and many of these carwashes use way too much water to wash your car.Lately people in the carwash industry have been talking about setting an industry standard that would only use 10 gallons of water to wash each car and in my professional opinion this is a good start however, it is not enough. A mobile carwash unit will only use 3.2 gallons water to wash your car and they can do that all day long.Many carwash owners under Level III Drought conditions will be shut off from municipal water supplies and be forced to dig a well, which may or may not be allowed and certainly will not be met with any sort of approval from the local residents, as that is also water that must be saved and conserved too.In reality the carwash industry should have been saving water all along and every carwash should have a reclaim system unless of course they are washing cars with less than 10 gals of water per car. It is easy for any industry to use public relations to proclaim itself good community players, but in reality if they are not; then that same public relations strategy can turn around and bite them in the butt. We need to save water and the carwash industry needs to get on the ball to get it done. Please consider this in 2006.
es (ULD) in which a number of packages are stored, protected, and handled as a unit in transit. See Container and ULD.
Conversion Rate:
The rate used to convert one currency to another. See Exchange Rate and Rate of Exchange.
Customs:
A government authority designated to regulate flow of goods to and from a country and to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collections.
Customs Airport:
Designated airports in each country which have customs facilities.
Customs Clearance:
A shipment must clear customs when it enters any country from another.
Customs Declaration:
A statement, oral or written, attesting to the correctness of description, quantity, value, etc., of merchandise offered for importation into the U.S.
Customhouse Broker:
A broker who is licensed by the Customs Authorities to act for importers and other businessmen in handling the sequence of customs formalities and other details attendant to the legal and expeditious importing of goods.
Dangerous Goods:
Articles or substances which are capable of posting a significant risk to health, safety, or property when transported by air if not packaged according to federal regulations.
Declared Value for Carriage:
The value of goods declared to the carrier by the shipper for the purposes of determining charges or establishing the limit of the carrier's liability for loss, damage, or delay.
Declared Value for Customs:
The selling price of the contents or the replacement cost if the contents are not for resale. The amount must be equal to or greater than the declared value.
Delivery Authorization Document - (DAD):
A customs term for a 7512 (I.T.) or a 3461 (Clearance) or a straight Air Waybill stamped by customs.
Department of Transportation - (DOT):
An executive department of the U.S. Government established by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 for the purpose of developing national transportation policies.
Destination:
The final stop of cargo that is being transported. Sometimes referred to as the final destination. exists.
Diversion:
Landing at a location other than the planned destination
Documentation:
The required paperwork accompanying a shipment such as an Air Waybill, a health certificate, invoices, shipper's export declaration, etc.
Dolly:
A piece of equipment with wheels, used to move containers and pallets to/from the aircraft
Door-To-Door:
Used when pick-up and delivery service applies.
Drop-Off:
Shipper delivers shipment(s) to the Air carrier for transportation. See Tender
Drop Time:
A published time frame at each airport city when the shipper must drop off cargo prior to flight departure
Duty:
A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country. Duties are generally based on the value of goods, other factors such as weight or quantity limits, or a combination of value and other factors
ETA:
Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD:
Estimated Time of Departure
Embargo:
Temporary refusal to accept cargo for transportation at certain points or in certain routes due to the type or class of cargo, limitations of facilities, emergencies, or other abnormal circumstances.
Equipment:
Used in the airline industry referring to aircraft or aircraft type, i.e., DC-10, B-727, etc.
Escorts:
People accompanying shipments on the same aircraft
Estimated Time of Arrival - (ETA):
The time at which a flight is expected to arrive as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of arrival.
Estimate Time of Departure - (ETD):
The time at which a flight is expected to depart as determined by operating conditions. It can differ from the scheduled time of departure.
Exception Ratings:
Rates set at a certain percentage above the general commodity rates because they apply to commodities that require special handling, such as live animals and human remains. See Class Rate and Premium Rate
Excess Value:
The amount of declared value on a shipment that is over the carrier's liability
Exchange Rate:
The price of one currency in terms of another
Exclusive Truck:
A shuttle truck that operates exclusively for an airline
Export:
To send or transport shipments out of a country for sale or use in another country or for personal purposes.
Export Broker:
An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.
Export License:
A government document that permits the licensee (holder of license) to engage in the export of designated goods to specific destinations.
Firms Code:
A customs location code issued for each bonded warehouse or facility.
Flatbed Truck:
A shuttle truck that does not have an enclosed trailer
Forwarder:
See Freight Forwarder.
Free domicile:
A term used in international transportation where the shipper pays all transportation charges and any applicable duties and/or taxes.
Freight Forwarder:
Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the freight forwarder is a shipper. To their customers, the freight forwarder is an indirect carrier or agent. The freight forwarder receives freight from customers under his own tariff, usually consolidating it into larger shipments, prepares necessary documents and makes arrangements for moving freight.
Freighter:
An aircraft that carries cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo
GBL:
Government Bill of Lading
GCR/GEN:
General Commodity Rate
Gateway City:
The first port of entry into a country, or the last port before exiting a country.
General Commodity:
Any cargo commodity that does not warrant a special or specified rate.
General Commodity Rate:
An air freight rate applicable on all commodities, except those for which specific rates have been filed. Rates are based on weight and distance and are published for each pair of cities an airline serves.
Government Bill of Lading - (GBL):
A document issued by a government agency used to request transportation of goods and support the billing of same in conjunction with carrier's Air Waybill.
Gross Weight:
The weight of the shipment including all packing, blocking, platforms, special bracing, etc., if required. (includes weight of unit load device, when applicable.)
HAWB (House Air Waybill):
The individual breakdown for each part of a consolidation
Hold for Pick-Up - (HFPU) (At Destination):
Freight to be held at the carrier's destination location for pick-up by the recipient. See also Notify on Arrival.
Harmonized System – HS:
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System is a system for classifying goods in international trade, identifying a given commodity by a single number.
Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
A term referring to dangerous goods
Health Certificate:
A document obtained from a licensed veterinarian that is required to ship ALL live warm-blooded animals.
High Value:
A term used to identify both articles of extraordinary value and attractive merchandise.
Human Remains/Embalmed Human Remains:
Intra-US and international term for deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred to as HR
IAC:
Indirect Air Carrier
IATA:
International Air Transportation Association
IATA Agent:
A forwarder/broker that has been approved and is recognized by IATA to receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other documents for carriers, and collect charges for air shipments.
IATA Carrier:
An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.
I.E.:
Immediate Exportation
I.T.:
Immediate Transport
Immediate Exportation:
Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.
Immediate Transport:
A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.
Import:
To bring foreign goods into a country
Import License:
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).
Inbond:
A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.
Inbond Entry:
Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent.
Incoterms:
International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place)
FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
FOB – Free On Board
Indirect Air Carrier:
An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.
International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes
Interstate:
A shipment traveling between states
Intrastate:
A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.
Issuing Carrier:
The carrier who issues the Air Waybill
Joint Rate:
A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.
Kennel:
The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.
Kilo:
An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.
Known Shipper:
An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile
Legal Connection:
The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.
Letter Of Credit:
A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill.
Liner terms:
Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods
Live Animals:
An airline term to identify live cargo
Local Rate:
Rate for shipments between city pairs, all on the same airline
Lockout:
A set time after which no cargo may be sent to be boarded on a flight
Lot:
Number of pieces in one shipment
Lot Label:
A label or stencil applied to cargo identifying the shipment by Air Waybill number, number of pieces, actual weight of each piece, total actual weight, destination airport, date of shipment, and routing.
Lower deck:
An aircraft compartment, below the Main Deck
Main deck:
Also known as Upper Deck. A freig
How To Reveal Opportunities And Deal With ChangeWhenever we throw something away, whether in the garbage can, the compost, or the recycling, it can smell terrible. Rotting organic matter smells especially badly. But it can also become rich compost for fertilizing the garden. The fragrant rose and the stinking garbage are two sides of the same existence. Without one, the other cannot be. Everything becomes a part of the garbage. After six months, the garbage is transformed into a rose. When we speak of impermanence, we understand that everything is in transformation. This becomes that, and that becomes this.Looking deeply, we can contemplate one thing and see everything else in it. We are not disturbed by change when we see the interconnectedness and continuity of all things. It is not that the life of an individual is permanent, but that life itself continues. When we identify ourselves with life and go beyond the boundaries of a separate identity, we shall be able to see the permanence in the impermanent, or the rose in the garbage.In business, it is crucial that we see the interdependence and interconnectedness between parties, resources and circumstances. We shall then be able to embrace change (not resist it) and ride the change to our benefit. In addition, we will be able to identify ideas and opportunities in the most obscure places. This shall be your competitive advantage: the ability to pick the rose from the garbage.Whether you are an entrepreneur or a business organisation, an orientation of your mindset to see the interconnectedness and continuity of things will reap you benefits for the long term.
. See Class Rate and Premium Rate
Excess Value:
The amount of declared value on a shipment that is over the carrier's liability
Exchange Rate:
The price of one currency in terms of another
Exclusive Truck:
A shuttle truck that operates exclusively for an airline
Export:
To send or transport shipments out of a country for sale or use in another country or for personal purposes.
Export Broker:
An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.
Export License:
A government document that permits the licensee (holder of license) to engage in the export of designated goods to specific destinations.
Firms Code:
A customs location code issued for each bonded warehouse or facility.
Flatbed Truck:
A shuttle truck that does not have an enclosed trailer
Forwarder:
See Freight Forwarder.
Free domicile:
A term used in international transportation where the shipper pays all transportation charges and any applicable duties and/or taxes.
Freight Forwarder:
Serves a dual role. To the airlines, the freight forwarder is a shipper. To their customers, the freight forwarder is an indirect carrier or agent. The freight forwarder receives freight from customers under his own tariff, usually consolidating it into larger shipments, prepares necessary documents and makes arrangements for moving freight.
Freighter:
An aircraft that carries cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo
GBL:
Government Bill of Lading
GCR/GEN:
General Commodity Rate
Gateway City:
The first port of entry into a country, or the last port before exiting a country.
General Commodity:
Any cargo commodity that does not warrant a special or specified rate.
General Commodity Rate:
An air freight rate applicable on all commodities, except those for which specific rates have been filed. Rates are based on weight and distance and are published for each pair of cities an airline serves.
Government Bill of Lading - (GBL):
A document issued by a government agency used to request transportation of goods and support the billing of same in conjunction with carrier's Air Waybill.
Gross Weight:
The weight of the shipment including all packing, blocking, platforms, special bracing, etc., if required. (includes weight of unit load device, when applicable.)
HAWB (House Air Waybill):
The individual breakdown for each part of a consolidation
Hold for Pick-Up - (HFPU) (At Destination):
Freight to be held at the carrier's destination location for pick-up by the recipient. See also Notify on Arrival.
Harmonized System – HS:
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System is a system for classifying goods in international trade, identifying a given commodity by a single number.
Hazardous Material - (HAZ MAT):
A term referring to dangerous goods
Health Certificate:
A document obtained from a licensed veterinarian that is required to ship ALL live warm-blooded animals.
High Value:
A term used to identify both articles of extraordinary value and attractive merchandise.
Human Remains/Embalmed Human Remains:
Intra-US and international term for deceased human bodies. Sometimes referred to as HR
IAC:
Indirect Air Carrier
IATA:
International Air Transportation Association
IATA Agent:
A forwarder/broker that has been approved and is recognized by IATA to receive cargo, cut Air Waybills and other documents for carriers, and collect charges for air shipments.
IATA Carrier:
An airline which is a member of IATA and may accept, carry, and bill for air shipments. Intra-US counterpart is ATA.
I.E.:
Immediate Exportation
I.T.:
Immediate Transport
Immediate Exportation:
Document prepared at port of departure for a shipment traveling through the U.S., which will clear customs in a different country.
Immediate Transport:
A document prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.
Import:
To bring foreign goods into a country
Import License:
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).
Inbond:
A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.
Inbond Entry:
Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent.
Incoterms:
International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place)
FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
FOB – Free On Board
Indirect Air Carrier:
An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.
International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes
Interstate:
A shipment traveling between states
Intrastate:
A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.
Issuing Carrier:
The carrier who issues the Air Waybill
Joint Rate:
A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.
Kennel:
The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.
Kilo:
An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.
Known Shipper:
An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile
Legal Connection:
The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.
Letter Of Credit:
A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill.
Liner terms:
Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods
Live Animals:
An airline term to identify live cargo
Local Rate:
Rate for shipments between city pairs, all on the same airline
Lockout:
A set time after which no cargo may be sent to be boarded on a flight
Lot:
Number of pieces in one shipment
Lot Label:
A label or stencil applied to cargo identifying the shipment by Air Waybill number, number of pieces, actual weight of each piece, total actual weight, destination airport, date of shipment, and routing.
Lower deck:
An aircraft compartment, below the Main Deck
Main deck:
Also known as Upper Deck. A freig
How to Use Nevada Incorporation Services to Avoid Costly MistakesIncorporating in Nevada has many outstanding benefits for savvy entrepreneurs who incorporate their businesses in the silver state. However, you must take care in setting up the corporation correctly if you are to take advantage of the tax advantages and liability protection benefits Nevada has to offer. If you are new to Nevada corporations, you will want to use a qualified nevada incorporation service to set things up right from the start. People who try incorporating in Nevada themselves can easily set themselves up to be in hot water with the IRS if they are selected for an audit. The IRS pays special attention to Nevada corporations when selecting candidates for an audit, so it is imperative that a Nevada corporation be set up with care.Common Nevada Incorporation MistakesBusiness owners new to incorporation in Nevada most frequently make the following mistakes when forming a Nevada corporation themselves:
Failing to have employees in the corporation
Not having adequate proof of Nevada-based operations
Allowing independent contractors corporate benefits intended only for employees
Not issuing stock
Nevada Incorporation Services ChecklistIf you decide to go with an incorporation service, make sure you go with a firm that has experience with Nevada incorporation. Compare what they offer to the list below. A quality incorporation firm should offer the following services as part of its package:
Creation of the Articles of Incorporation
Filing of the Articles with the Nevada Secretary of State
Filing of Initial Officers, Directors, Agents or Members
Arrangement for official place of business
Arrangement for local telephone service
Arrange for contracted employees of the corporation to answer telephone calls during business hours
Assistance in opening a Nevada bank account
Resident Agent services
Mail forwarding
Obtaining a business license (usually this will be in the state capitol, Carson City)
Federal Tax Identification Number (EIN)
Creation of a Corporate Charter
Offers stand-in nominee officers so that the names of the officers are not listed in public records. This strategy offers an additional layer of privacy from prying eyes. You can vote these officers out of office at any time, and they will not have any signature authority with the corporation.
ConclusionIncorporating in Nevada can be one of the most critical steps you can take in your new business venture. Combined with careful investigation and use of professional Nevada incorporation services, you can have peace of mind knowing your Nevada corporation is providing you with the best in domestic asset and revenue protection.
cument prepared at the first U.S. port of entry or used to amend the initial documents indicating the shipment is ready to be transported onto the final U.S. customs airport. On the occasion where routing is altered, an immediate transport document must be reissued to ensure that customs can identify exact location of goods at all times until clearance is granted.
Import:
To bring foreign goods into a country
Import License:
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing importation of goods into their individual countries. See The Air Cargo Tariff - (TACT).
Inbond:
A term applied to air cargo coming into the USA. This designates a procedure under which U.S. Customs' clearance of cargo is postponed until the cargo reaches an inland customs point rather than at congested gateway cities. Cargo moves under the carrier's bond (posted with U.S. Customs) from the gateway to the inland customs port.
Inbond Entry:
Entry made at the first U.S. port by a bonded carrier or agent.
Incoterms:
International Commercial Terms Maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). This codification of terms is used in foreign trade contracts, to define the point up to which the seller is responsible for the delivery of the goods, and the point in which the risk of loss is transferred from the seller to the buyer. The last edition, Incoterms 2000 contains 13 codes:
EXW – Ex – works FCA – Free Carrier (named place)
FAS – Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)
FOB – Free On Board
Indirect Air Carrier:
An entity which purchases cargo space from an airline and sells the space to other shippers. A freight forwarder is an indirect air carrier.
International Air Transport Association (I.A.T.A):
The trade and service organization for airlines of more than 100 countries serving international routes
Interstate:
A shipment traveling between states
Intrastate:
A shipment originating and terminating within one state's boundaries.
Issuing Carrier:
The carrier who issues the Air Waybill
Joint Rate:
A single rate which applies for carriage over the lines of two or more carriers and which is published as a single amount.
Kennel:
The enclosure in which a live animal is shipped, most commonly for dogs and cats.
Kilo:
An international measure of weight containing 2.2046 pounds.
Known Shipper:
An entity which ships its own products, and has a valid account number with an airline, or appears in the cargo profile list/cargo security profile
Legal Connection:
The amount of time needed to connect cargo from one aircraft to another,or one airline to another. Also referred to as connection time and transfer time.
Letter Of Credit:
A document issued by a bank stipulating that a certain sum shall be paid to the beneficiary named under clearly stated conditions. It is a method of paying for goods where a buyer establishes credit with a local bank, clearly describing goods to be purchased. Upon receipt of documentation, the bank either is paid by the buyer or takes title to goods and transfers funds to seller. NOTE:
On such occasions, the airline cannot release goods to the ultimate consignee until a written release is produced by the bank named on the Air Waybill.
Liner terms:
Conditions under which a shipping company will transport goods, including the amount payable for carriage of the goods
Live Animals:
An airline term to identify live cargo
Local Rate:
Rate for shipments between city pairs, all on the same airline
Lockout:
A set time after which no cargo may be sent to be boarded on a flight
Lot:
Number of pieces in one shipment
Lot Label:
A label or stencil applied to cargo identifying the shipment by Air Waybill number, number of pieces, actual weight of each piece, total actual weight, destination airport, date of shipment, and routing.
Lower deck:
An aircraft compartment, below the Main Deck
Main deck:
Also known as Upper Deck. A freighter aircraft has it entire upper deck equipped for main deck type of containers/pallets loading. There is no main deck type of container/pallet at passenger aircraft
Master Air Waybill - (MAWB):
Air Waybill covering a consolidated consignment, showing the consolidator as shipper
Master Loader:
The IATA agent who assumes the responsibility for contracting with other agents to assemble goods for consolidation to the airlines.
MET - Merchandise Enforcement Team:
A special unit of US Customs
Minimum Charge:
The minimum amount which applies for the transportation of air cargo service, no matter how small the shipment
NAR:
No Authentication Required
NDR:
No Documents Required
NES:
Not Elsewhere Specified. An abbreviation which often appears in cargo tariffs along with NOS - Not Otherwise Specified and possibly, NOIBN - Not Otherwise Indexed by Number.
NFO:
Next Flight Out. A term used by some shippers meaning SPD - Small Package Delivery.
NOA:
Notify On Arrival
NarLetterList-Body Aircraft:
B-727, B-737, B-757 and A-320 are all examples of narLetterList-body aircraft.
Net Weight:
The actual weight of a shipment (not including the weight of the container / unit load device - (ULD)).
Nomination:
When an air carrier authorizes a bonded agent (forwarder, broker) to update Air Waybill information (master Air Waybill or house Air Waybill) directly to customs via Air Manifest System
Non-Stop Flight:
A flight with no stops from origin to destination
No Op:
Abbreviation for Not in operation, or does not operate.
No Show:
Shipper who fails to show up to ship an already booked shipment. Also, a shipment which fails to show up at destination off a flight.
Normal Processing Time:
A time frame each airport city publishes for recovery time.
Normal Rate:
The international term for the published per pound or per kilo rate (between minimum charge and 45K/100L rate.)
NVD:
No Value Declared
Offload:
Removing the cargo from the aircraft
On-Demand Truck:
A shuttle truck operating only if freight has been booked for it
On Hand - (OH):
Cargo is confirmed at a particular airport and available for the customer to pick-up.
One-Shot Truck:
A shuttle truck arranged by a station on a one-time only basis
Online:
A routing from origin to destination on the designated carrier only
Origin:
The point at which a shipment begins
Over-Pivot Weight:
The weight in excess of the pivot weight. See Pivot Weight.
Over-the-Road Truck:
Pick-up and delivery service performed beyond the usual radius of regular Air Cargo, Inc. pick-up and delivery service. These shipments are normally by use of a bill of lading or PRO.
Pallet:
A wooden or metal base to which cargo is secured
China, the world's future super power, is slated to build four nuclear power plants with the help of the U.S. based Westinghouse Electric Company and the Shaw Group Inc. The value of this deal ranges from $5-8 billion dollars and will help the U.S. in their $202 billion dollar trade deficit with China.
Empowerment exists when employees have the authority to make decisions and take
appropriate actions without first seeking approval from others. Empowerment allows frontline service staff to act quickly for their customers, improving customer satisfaction and boosting staff morale.
Choosing an appropriate corporate business gift might be confusing, as the market these days offers a wide array of gifts ranging from inexpensive personalized items such as pens or mugs to customized laptops, original artwork and even automobiles. Whether you are giving promotional freebies, rewarding your employees or trying to impress management, it is advisable to choose gifts keeping in mind the occasion. Corporate business gifts can be a perfect medium for boosting your company's profile, morale and work effort.